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Nusra Front (Jabhat Fateh al- Sham)The Nusra Front—also known as Jabhat Fateh al- Sham (“the Levantine Conquest Front”)—is an internationally sanctioned terrorist group, the second- strongest insurgent group in Syria after ISIS, and a formerly open al- Qaeda affiliate that seeks to replace the Assad regime with an Islamic state. Operating as a part of the Hayat Tahrir al- Sham coalition since January 2. Nusra Front stands accused of serving as a base for global al- Qaeda operations.

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In the years since its formation in 2. Nusra Front has gradually amassed and sustained territory throughout Syria. As of early 2. 01. Nusra Front controls territory in northern, western, and southern Syria, including large portions of Syria’s Idlib province. Before its formal dissociation from al- Qaeda, the Nusra Front had a long and proven history of serving as al- Qaeda’s loyal affiliate.

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On July 2. 8, 2. 01. Qaeda released an audio statement giving the Nusra Front formal permission to break ties if the link was “conflicting with [the Nusra Front’s] unity and working as one body.” Nusra Front leader Abu Muhammad al- Golani declared a formal split from al- Qaeda after thanking “our brothers, the commanders of al- Qa’eda,” and announcing the group’s name change from Jabhat al- Nusra (“the Victory Front”) to Jabhat Fateh al- Sham (“the Levantine Conquest Front”). Analysts had long surmised that a break from al- Qaeda, however artificial, could enable the Nusra Front to attract more funding from Gulf States like Qatar, consolidate local support, and present itself as a legitimate insurgent group in Syria. The Nusra Front continued to pursue this strategy when, on January 2. Syrian Islamist merger, Hayat Tahrir al- Sham (“Assembly for the Liberation of the Levant” or HTS), led by Hashim al- Sheikh, the former leader of fellow Islamist faction Ahrar al- Sham. For years before the announced split, however, Golani had reaffirmed his group’s allegiance to al- Qaeda. The Nusra Front’s founder, current ISIS leader Abu Bakr al- Baghdadi, claims to have dispatched Golani and others—then al- Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) fighters—into Syria in 2.

The United States confirms this claim, maintaining that that the Nusra Front was formed by AQI to “hijack the struggles of the legitimate Syrian opposition to further its own extremist ideology.” In April 2. Baghdadi unilaterally claimed to subsume the Nusra Front into AQI, now known as ISIS, Golani broke ties with Baghdadi and reaffirmed his allegiance to al- Qaeda central. Despite the group’s origins in Iraq and historical deference to al- Qaeda, the Nusra Front has branded itself as a native rebel group with foreign experience. In Syria, the group continues to profess its goal of toppling the Assad regime and establishing an Islamic state in its place, albeit incrementally. In its effort to consolidate local support, the Nusra Front has adopted military and outreach strategies from al- Qaeda- linked jihadist Abu Musab al- Suri: participating in numerous Syrian- based coalitions and collaborating with other Islamist, and occasionally secular, rebel groups to carry out joint attacks against Assad forces. The Nusra Front, and now HTS, also operates a civil administrative wing called the “Public Services Administration” which provides basic administrative needs and security and governs several rebel- controlled towns under various forms of Islamic law. Although the group has succeeded in embedding itself in the Syrian insurgency, the Nusra Front remains committed to employing terrorist tactics in order to secure an Islamic state.

Since its founding, the Nusra Front has conducted formal military campaigns, assassinations, hostage takings, and ‘lone wolf’ operations, including al- Qaeda’s trademark suicide bombings. By June 2. 01. 3, the Nusra Front had claimed responsibility for 5. Syria’s civil war. The group has since continued to carry out its signature suicide bombings in Syria and expanded its operations into neighboring Lebanon after Hezbollah joined the war in mid- 2. In Lebanon, the Nusra Front works to stoke sectarian divisions, conducting and attempting suicide bombings against civilian centers like Beirut and Hezbollah strongholds like Hermel, along Lebanon’s north- eastern border with Syria. As of mid- 2. 01.

Nusra Front’s paramilitary force remains one of the strongest rebel forces in Syria, reportedly comprised of around 5,0. Idlib province alone. The terrorist group has attracted the largest contingency of foreign fighters to Syria after ISIS. Doctrine: The Nusra Front adheres to a Salafist, jihadist ideology with the professed aim of establishing Islamic governance in all areas under its control. In the group’s January 2. He introduced the Nusra Front as “Syrian mujahedeen” who have come “back from various jihad fronts to restore God’s rule on the Earth [Islamic law] and avenge the Syrians’ violated honour and spilled blood.”Years later, when Golani announced the Nusra Front’s dissociation from al- Qaeda, he reaffirmed the group’s core objectives, saying that despite separating from al- Qaeda, the group would not be “compromising or sacrificing our solid beliefs or laxity in the necessity of the continuity of the Jihad of Al- Sham [Syria].” Golani reaffirmed that his group sought to use “Islamically legitimate means” to unify jihadists in Syria and the “masses of people in Al- Sham [Syria]” in order to replace the Assad government with one based on shari’ah (Islamic law). While the Nusra Front works to establish Islamic law in all areas under its control, it has done so incrementally in order to sustain local support.

In this way, the group follows the guidelines and strategy of al- Qaeda- linked writer Abu Musab al- Suri, who sought to win the hearts and minds of locals in order to pursue his Islamist objectives. In a statement posted online, Golani said, “Beware of being hard on [the locals]. Watch Princess Mononoke Online Full Movie here. Begin with the priorities and fundamentals of Islam, and be flexible on the minor parts of religion.” In a December 2. Dubai- based National, Golani said that his group’s “first goal is to get rid of Assad. Then we want a state where the Quran is the only source of law.”While the Nusra Front has generally followed these guidelines, there are several instances where regional leaders have been quick to impose harsh interpretations of Islamic law onto local populaces and use violence to force conversions. In January 2. 01.

Druze- dominated Jabal al- Summaq mountain in Idlib province, the Nusra Front’s then regional emir, Abu Abd al- Rahman al- Tunisi, ordered the local Druze to convert to Sunni Islam and destroyed their shrines. Tunisi was removed from his position after Nusra Front fighters under his command killed 2. Druze civilians in Qalb Lawza during a land dispute.

Although the Nusra Front reprimanded Tunisi for the massacre, the group upheld the validity of the forced conversions. Although the Nusra Front publicly emphasizes its regional aims, it has shown signs of a more expansionist ideology in line with al- Qaeda’s brand of global jihadism. Despite the group’s emphasis on its Syrian character, the Nusra Front expanded its operations into neighboring Lebanon after Hezbollah’s 2. Syria. The group also stands accused of plotting attacks against the West, seemingly through the elusive Khorasan group, or what one Dubai reporter has exposed as the Nusra Front’s ‘Wolf unit.’ However, the death of Khorasan commander Said Arif in 2.

Nusra Front’s external operations. When the Nusra Front was sent to Syria, one of its founding goals was reportedly to establish a safe haven for training recruits and stashing weapons, allegedly on behalf of al- Qaeda in Iraq (now ISIS). Organizational Structure: The Nusra Front is both hierarchical and regionalized. Historically, each region has been equipped with an overall leader, a military commander, and a religious leader. FR-EE Besetment Full Movie more.